533
Second Council of Constantinople begins
The Second Ecumenical Council convened in Constantinople, addressing the Monophysite controversy and condemning the Three Chapters. It affirmed the Chalcedonian definition of Christ's two natures.
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All Events
882
Pope John VIII crowns Charles the Fat as Holy Roman Emperor
Pope John VIII crowned Charles the Fat as Emperor, continuing the papal role in imperial coronations. This event reinforced the alliance between the papacy and the Carolingian dynasty.
1431
Henry VI of England crowned King of France in Paris
The infant Henry VI was crowned King of France at Notre-Dame de Paris during the Hundred Years' War, a ceremony with significant religious and political implications. The coronation was part of the English effort to legitimize their claim to the French throne.
1497
Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope
Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama became the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, opening a sea route to India. This voyage facilitated the spread of Christianity through Portuguese missionary activity in Asia.
1653
Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
Oliver Cromwell was installed as Lord Protector, leading the Puritan Commonwealth. His rule promoted a form of Protestantism that influenced religious and political life in England and its colonies.
1773
Boston Tea Party protests British taxation
American colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor to protest British taxes, an act that had religious overtones as many colonists were Congregationalists and other dissenters. The event preceded the American Revolution and the eventual establishment of religious freedom in the U.S.
1838
Boers defeat Zulu forces at the Battle of Blood River
Voortrekkers, who saw themselves as a chosen people, defeated the Zulu army after making a covenant with God. The day is commemorated by Afrikaners as the Day of the Vow, a religious and national holiday.
1850
First issue of 'The Christian Union' published
Henry Ward Beecher began publishing 'The Christian Union', a weekly magazine that influenced American Protestant thought. It later became 'The Outlook' and continued to shape religious and social discourse.
1914
First issue of 'The Christian Science Monitor' published
Mary Baker Eddy founded 'The Christian Science Monitor' as a daily newspaper to counter sensationalism. It remains a respected international news source, reflecting Christian Science principles.
1944
Battle of the Bulge begins
The German offensive in the Ardennes began, leading to intense fighting that included chaplains and religious services in harsh conditions. The battle became a symbol of resilience and faith for Allied troops.
1966
First edition of 'The Jerusalem Bible' published
The Jerusalem Bible, a Roman Catholic translation from the original languages, was first published in English. It became a standard Catholic Bible and contributed to biblical scholarship.
1991
Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union
Kazakhstan's independence led to a revival of religious freedom, including the growth of Christianity among ethnic Russians and others. The country now has a diverse religious landscape.